Political

Many have seen the Restoration of the monarchy, which took place on 29 May 1660, as inevitable. Yet what is most surprising is its unexpectedness.

Martin Evans contrasts the triumphalism of France’s 1931 Colonial Exhibition in Paris with the rotten reality of its ramshackle empire.

Timothy Benson analyses the evolution of the love-hate relationship between Britain's greatest cartoonist and the outstanding politician of the age.

The English social reformer was born on January 24th, 1800.

Jennifer Loach (whose work has been edited by George Bernard and Penry Williams) goes back to the original sources to show that, despite his image as a pious sickly child, Edward VI was very much his father's son.

Edgar Feuchtwanger examines the controversial issue of change and continuity in the foreign policies of the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany.

Sean McGlynn puts the present-day European Union into historical perspective.

Was Britain's reputation as the champion of Italian independence really warranted? Giuseppe Garibaldi was undoubtedly popular with Britons, but Peter Clements is sceptical.

The first president of the United States died on December 14th, 1799.

The exhibition 'Faces of the Century', at the National Portrait Gallery, presents the 100 choices of ten leading figures from British politics, art, music, business and media that represent Britain in the 20th century.