Political

The recent scandal over MPs’ expenses would not have raised an eyebrow in the 18th century when bribery was rife and rigged elections common. Trevor Fisher looks into that system and the slow path to reform.

Russell Tarr sees similarities but also important contrasts in the foreign policies of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy

Emily Parton asks a key question about Italian unification, in the winning entry of History Review magazine's 2009 Julia Wood Award.

Nick Smart scrutinises Chamberlain's foreign policy and the historiography of appeasement.

Alan Sharp takes a fresh look at the statesmen responsible for the Treaty of Versailles

The Antarctic Treaty of 1959 kept the cold continent out ofthe Cold War and fostered collaboration on scientific research. The world now faces a different challenge as climate change affects this vast region.

The Emperor divorced his first wife on December 14th, 1809.

The careers of the three Kennedy brothers defined the politics of America in the 1960s, a decade that began amid vigour and optimism and ended in scandal and cynicism. Yet still they fascinate, writes Tim Stanley.

A.J.P. Taylor gives a decidedly mid-20th century view of a mid-19th century war, its aims, and legacy. 

Mark Bryant looks at the rich tradition of cartoons and caricatures inspired by the Gunpowder Plot.