Social

John D. Pelzer explains how the casual gathering of like-minded coffee-drinkers would influence British political and intellectual life for decades.

'To sum up all, poverty, slavery and innate insolence, covered with an affectation of politeness, give you... a true picture of the manners of the whole nation' was Hogarth's opinion of the French in 1749, explains Michael Duffy.

Klaus Doerner

The flood of emigrants bidding their 'Last farewell to England' in the early nineteenth century was not as the result of an organised governmental policy of colonial development, argues Mark Brayshaw, but of haphazard individual effort.

Montagu House was built by the first Duke of Montagu, who 'made money like a rogue and spent it like a gentleman' on his patronage of the arts, the finest examples of which were to be found in this London house which was to become the first home of the British Museum.

In this article Rosalind O'Hanlon describes the effects of Hindu religious hierarchies upon the daily life of Untouchables in traditional Indian society and discusses some of the forces associated with British rule that worked to change both the social position of Untouchables and their perception of their position.

In the past, during times of high unemployment, schemes of public works were often developed. This was not only because of the mounting costs of relief, but also because it was considered in the interests of the unemployed to have work to do.

Gordon Daniels on the sustained bombardement of the Japanese mainland, prior to the use of the Atomic bombs.