Skip to main content
Home

User menu logged out

  • Subscribe
  • Sign in

https://www.historytoday.com/magazine

Subscription
Offers

Give a Gift

Main menu

  • Home
  • The Magazine
  • Subscribe
  • Buy the Current Issue
  • Explore the Digital Archive
  • Institutions
  • Reviews
  • Sign in
Home

Mini header menu

  • Search
  • Magazine
  • Latest
  • Subscribe

Subscribe

The Crusades

Muslim Responses to the Crusades

Robert Irwin on how Islam saw the Christian invaders.

Robert Irwin | Published in History Today Volume 47 Issue 4 April 1997

To continue reading this article you need to purchase a subscription, available from only £5.

Start my trial subscription now

If you have already purchased access, or are a print & archive subscriber, please ensure you are logged in.

Please email digital@historytoday.com if you have any problems.

MedievalCrusadesMiddle EastIslamSocial

Popular articles

Mein Kampf on sale, c.1938. Fotoarchiv für Zeitgeschichte/akg-images.
Did Germany Read Mein Kampf?
Indian Painter, by Eanger Irving Couse, late 19th or early 20th century. Minneapolis Institute of Art. Public Domain.
On the Spot: Kathleen DuVal

Recently published

Portrait of William Shakespeare from the title page of the First Folio, 1623. Beinecke Library, Yale University. Public Domain.
Shakespeare’s Lost Years
Napoleon III receiving Queen Victoria on board La Bretagne, 6 August 1858, at the port of Cherbourg, by Antoine Léon Morel-Fatio, 1859. Heritage Images/TopFoto.
Ship Shape: British Naval Strategy After Napoleon
Hindu pilgrims bathing in the Ganges, 1959. © Deutsche Fotothek / Schröter, Wolfgang G.
‘Gods, Guns and Missionaries’ by Manu S. Pillai review

Most read

  1. Did Germany Read Mein Kampf?
  2. On the Spot: Kathleen DuVal
  3. ‘Gods, Guns and Missionaries’ by Manu S. Pillai review
  4. Shakespeare’s Lost Years
  5. The Fight for Mary, Queen of Scots’ Jewels
X
Get Miscellanies, our free weekly long read, in your inbox every week

Footer menu

  • About
  • Masthead
  • Contact
  • Jobs
  • Advertising
  • RSS feeds
  • Submit an Article
  • Back Issues
  • Binders
  • Cookie policy
  • Awards
  • Students
  • Privacy policy
  • Terms of Use
  • X
  • Instagram
  • Bluesky
  • Facebook

© Copyright 2025 History Today Ltd. Company no. 1556332.