The Crusades

The Call of the Crusades

An idea promoted by Pope Urban II at the end of the 11th century continues to resonate in modern politics. Jonathan Phillips traces the 800-year history of ‘Crusade’ and its power as a concept that shows no sign of diminishing.

The Sea Speaks Arabic

Umej Bhatia discusses Muslim memories of the Crusades and their resonances in Middle Eastern politics today.