Skip to main content
Home

User menu logged out

  • Subscribe
  • Sign in

Subscription
Offers

Give a Gift

Main menu

  • Home
  • The Magazine
  • Subscribe
  • Buy the Current Issue
  • Explore the Digital Archive
  • Institutions
  • Reviews
  • Sign in
Home

Mini header menu

  • Search
  • Magazine
  • Latest
  • Subscribe

Subscribe

The Crusades

Muslim Responses to the Crusades

Robert Irwin on how Islam saw the Christian invaders.

Robert Irwin | Published in History Today Volume 47 Issue 4 April 1997

To continue reading this article you need to purchase a subscription, available from only £5.

Start my trial subscription now

If you have already purchased access, or are a print & archive subscriber, please ensure you are logged in.

Please email digital@historytoday.com if you have any problems.

MedievalCrusadesMiddle EastIslamSocial

Popular articles

Swahili illustration © Ben Jones/Heart Agency.
Swahili on the Road
A ship departs Lisbon for Brazil, 1593. John Carter Brown Library. Brown University. Public Domain.
Portugal: The First Global Empire

Recently published

A members’ booklet for the Book Society and a promotional flyer. from the Centre for Ephemera Studies; Lettering, Printing and Graphic Design Collections; Department of Typography and Graphic Communication, University of Reading. With thanks to Emma Minns
The Battle for Britain’s First Book of the Month Club
A lawyer receiving a plea from a poor man, woodcut by Jost Amman, 1568. Wellcome Collection. Public Domain.
‘Language and Social Relations in Early Modern England’ by Hillary Taylor review
Swahili illustration © Ben Jones/Heart Agency.
Swahili on the Road

Most read

  1. Swahili on the Road
  2. The Battle for Britain’s First Book of the Month Club
  3. ‘Language and Social Relations in Early Modern England’ by Hillary Taylor review
  4. How Have Cults Shaped American History?
  5. King John’s Lost Treasure
X
Get Miscellanies, our free weekly long read, in your inbox every week

Footer menu

  • About
  • Masthead
  • Contact
  • Jobs
  • Advertising
  • RSS feeds
  • Submit an Article
  • Back Issues
  • Binders
  • Cookie policy
  • Awards
  • Students
  • Privacy policy
  • Terms of Use
  • X
  • Instagram
  • Bluesky
  • Facebook

© Copyright 2025 History Today Ltd. Company no. 1556332.