The Crusades Muslim Responses to the Crusades Robert Irwin on how Islam saw the Christian invaders. Robert Irwin | Published in History Today Volume 47 Issue 4 April 1997 To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. Buy Online Access Buy Print & Archive Subscription If you have already purchased access, or are a print & archive subscriber, please ensure you are logged in. Please email digital@historytoday.com if you have any problems.