England

D.G. Chandler introduces Marlborough; a man, ‘whose mind was not confined to battle ... at once a captain and a diplomatist,’ as Napoleon a century later said of the British commander.

Trevor Fawcett describes how courses of public lectures provided some of the knowledge of science omitted from a gentleman’s education.

William Seymour describes how there was royal displeasure when a near cousin of the Tudor and Stuart monarchs married in secret.

Steven R. Smith describes the Apprentices’ part in the political struggles that followed the King’s defeat in the Civil War.

J.W. Blake describes the development of a maritime empire of trade, built by traders.

Eynon Smart describes how, when the third Dutch War began in 1672, Charles II and his Ministers were faced with financial needs; a reprieve for the Exchequer was their answer, but it disturbed the country’s banking system.

David Weigall describes a period when women emerged in politics as lively petitioners.

Robert Halsband describes how, in 1731, the Leader of the Opposition and a supporter of Sir Robert Walpole fought a celebrated duel in Green Park, London.

L. Curtis Musgrave describes how willingness among medieval students to battle for their rights’ that, during the course of years, helped to shape the modern university system.

Iris Macfarlane describes how the Malabar coast in western India was the earliest scene of European sea-borne trade.