Military

Rinuccini and Civil War in Ireland, 1644-49

Andrew Boyd tells the story of the ill-fated mission of a papal nuncio whose blundering zeal doomed the hopes of Irish Catholics of profiting from the civil war between Charles I and his Parliament in England.

Balance and Military Innovation in 17th-Century Java

Merle Ricklefs re-examines the impact of the Dutch in the East Indies and finds in the response of the Javanese a more complex story than that of technological superiority beating down a military-primitive response.

Eastern Europe Between the Wars

Anita Prazmowska unwinds the tangled skeins of grievance and interest that left the newly-emergent states east of Vienna unsure of who were friends or foes in the years following Versailles.

The RAF on Screen 1940-1942

During the early days of UK involvement in World War II, official British films deliberately created a particular view of the air war, perhaps distorting our perceptions of some key phases.

Liverpool and the American Civil War

Sentiment, profit and commercial laissez-faire bound the merchants of England's busiest port ever closer to the rebel confederacy across the Atlantic after 1861. John D. Pelzer explains how and why.

Aztec Warfare

Ross Hassig questions whether the rationale behind the fighting in Mexico which Cortes encountered in 1519 has not been misunderstood.