Military

Ivan Morris describes how the idea of heroic failure has always exerted a strong hold on the Japanese imagination.

David Weigall describes a period when women emerged in politics as lively petitioners.

Towards the end of the fifteenth century, writes E.R. Chamberlin, a young French King took advantage of the Italian ‘genius for dissension’.

Peter Partner describes how resentment against the exile of the Papacy in Avignon led to the ‘War of the Eight Saints’ in 1375 by the ‘Guelf’ cities of Italy.

S.G.F. Brandon marked the nineteenth centenary of the fall of the Holy City.

Soon after their humiliating reverse at Weardale, writes I.M. Davis, the English recognized Scottish independence in the Treaty of Northampton.

Falkland’s death alone, wrote Clarendon, would have branded the Civil Wars as ‘infamous and execrable’. Desmond Henry asks whether the young man sought to end his own life in a mood of deep depression?

Aram Bakshian Jr. asserts that the impression of the Prince as a dashing cavalry commander scarcely does justice to the whole man.

Ivan Morris asserts that, among the legends of the prehistoric Japanese past, it is the aura of failure and tragedy surrounding his end that establishes Yamato Takeru as a model hero.

Desmond Seward describes the abrupt end of a European military and financial institution.