History Today

With government sponsorship and prodigious fieldwork, Elizabethan cartography reached heights unequalled elsewhere in Western Europe.

Francis Robinson on the collections and ornate palaces of the Top Kapi Saray museum in Istanbul.

Colin Holmes assesses racial violence in Britain from 1911-19.

Distilled 'spirit of the age' or a branch of sociology? Great men and their thoughts - with a lucky dip for culture vultures - or elite ideas whose time had come? Five historians discuss ground rules for the study of intellectual history. 

Four viewpoints - one from its editor, three from reviewers - on the making of a major new historical encyclopedia.

A ballot-box 'revolution' made Hitler Chancellor of Germany. But political violence was the stock-in-trade consolidating Nazi power piecemeal throughout 1933 against disorganised opponents.

In the early 1930s, when National Socialism became a mass movement, it drew strong support from the Protestant rural population. The emergence of the Third Reich and the advent of the Second World War saw a gradual shift in attitudes to the Nazi movement and regime. Gerhard Wilke looks at a rural community in northern Hesse.

Not all young Germans were enthusiasts for Hitler Youth ideas - and some actively opposed them.