History Today

No Popery Under Queen Victoria

Stephen Usherwood describes the Oxford Movement, the revival of the Catholic faith in England, and the hostility that both aroused.

The Development of Machine Tools

The early British engineers were masters of precise machinery; L.T.C. Rolt describes how sophisticated mass-production overtook them from America.

Brindley and Canals

A millwright of Derbyshire, James Brindley was closely associated with the engineering of eighteenth-century waterways, writes Hugh Malet.

Sussex Guns

When the iron industry depended on wood, not coal, Sussex and Kent were the centres of English gunfounders, writes Christopher Lloyd.

Bluidy Mackenzie

During the reign of Charles II and his brother, writes Tresham Lever, Mackenzie as judge and Lord Advocate at Edinburgh was involved in some highly contentious trials.

Opening the Doors of Diplomacy

The Foreign Office was long a bastion of male chauvinism. Only during the Second World War did women diplomats begin to make their mark.