Military

During the Seven Years' War with France and Spain, writes A.P. Thornton, a British expedition from India captured and held the Philippine capital.

One of the most discreditable episodes in the history of the West is the Sack of Constantinople in 1204, writes Donald Nicol, when the leaders of the Fourth Crusade inflicted a savage punishment upon their Eastern brethren.

D.H. Pennington examines an economic burden that the “poor oppressed people of England” believed no government could relieve them of.

At the close of the third century B.C., Rome and the Seleucid Empire confronted one another in the neutral ground of disputatious Greece. By E. Badian.

To most modern readers little more than a resounding name, the Kingmaker is here described by Paul Kendall as an “early exemplar of that Western European energy” which was presently to transform the civilized world.

Jon Manchip White describes how a garrison of 1,050 Europeans and 712 loyal Indians held the Residency at Lucknow against an army of 30,000 Sepoys.

T.H. McGuffe describes the history of fire-arms, from the fourteenth century onwards, considering their uses and effectiveness  in war, in sport, and for display.

K.G. Tregonning traces the path of Mongol conquest to a lesser studied destination - the ancient kingdoms of the Indo-Chinese and Malayan peninsulas.

Some of the fiercest fighting of the Indian Mutiny took place in and around the ancient capital of the Moguls, where the last Mogul sovereign exercised a shadowy power until 1857. This is the second of three articles by Jon Manchip White on the origins and development of the nineteenth-century Indian Revolt against British Rule.

Jon Manchip White introduces one of the greatest generals and strangest personalities of his age, Maurice de Saxe, who was “vain, childish, virile, hard-bitten, chivalrous when it suited him ...”