Medieval

Peter Partner describes how resentment against the exile of the Papacy in Avignon led to the ‘War of the Eight Saints’ in 1375 by the ‘Guelf’ cities of Italy.

B.G. Gokhale takes us on a visit to Surat, where the English adventure in India began.

Harold F. Hutchison describes how the tastes and affections of King Edward II were disgusting to the medieval orthodoxy of monks and barons.

Desmond Seward describes an outstanding colonial achievement of the Middle Ages.

B.G. Gokhale describes how, in India, at the beginning of the fourth century A.D., a line of rulers arose from obscurity to inaugurate a Golden Age.

J.J.N. McGurk reflects on the eighth centenary of Becket's martyrdom.

George Woodcock describes how, during the centuries after his death, Alexander became many things to many peoples and in countries often distant from those that saw his exploits.

Soon after their humiliating reverse at Weardale, writes I.M. Davis, the English recognized Scottish independence in the Treaty of Northampton.

J.A. Boyle describes how the Venetian traveller’s account of his travels sometimes tried his friends’ credulity.

Colin Davies introduces the Greek philosopher and physician who flourished in Sicily during the fifth century B.C.