Volume 39 Issue 8 August 1989

David Thompson on the labour movement and an educational reformer and founder of the WEA.

John Benson on the history of attempting to encourage people into self-employment and entrepreneurship.

Neil Dalton discusses the historic separation of the legal profession

Oswald and Margaret Dilke discuss the work of the cartographer-cum-Crusade-propagandist Marin Sanudo, who used his work to urge on a 14th-century initiative to recover Palestine from the infidel.

Ann Hills on the European links in the largest Central American country

Christopher Elrington on the work of the Victoria County History

A tale of kidnapped Africans and an abortive trading voyage casts light on the uneasy relationship between conscience and commerce in New England argues Larry Gragg.

David Stephens discerns an undercurrent of social protest and complaint beneath the usual exuberance of the bagpiper in medieval art.