Social

Alan Haynes describes how Italian scholars, merchants and craftsmen were welcomed in Elizabethan London and enjoyed high patronage.

Barbara Kerr profiles a nineteenth-century country vicar who was a militant reformer in sewage and sanitation.

Margaret Wade Labarge profiles the fifteenth-century Flemish Ambassador and pilgrim.

During the Victorian Age, writes Courtney Dainton, when many social reformers came from the upper classes, Smith was a philanthropist who had himself experienced the hardships of the very poor.

James Edward Oglethorpe obtained a charter for the founding of Georgia in 1732. Courtney Dainton describes how the English social reformer spent three terms as chief administrator of the colony and lived long enough to see American independence.

‘England’s loss was the United States’ gain’, writes William Noblett, when the fiery eighteenth century radical Joseph Gales established a prosperous foothold in the New World.

Susan C. Shapiro describes how a struggle for women’s liberation began about 1580 and continued in Jacobean years.

The Dissenting Academies, write M.D. Stephens and G.W. Roderick, offered wider and better teaching than the established universities in England.

Europe knew little about black Africa, writes Steven R. Smith, until the trading voyages of the late sixteenth century.

At the end of the sixteenth century, writes David N. Durant, an ostentatious but simple-minded German Duke began pestering Queen Elizabeth to grant him the noblest of all English Orders.