Political

Nigel Jones traces the chequered history of European referendums and asks why they appeal as much to dictators as to democrats.

In 1811 skilled textile workers in Britain attacked factories and factory owners to defend their livelihoods. By the time the Luddite cause hit Yorkshire in 1812, it had become a genuine mass movement.

The election for London Mayor took place on May 3rd, marked by the bitter rivalry between the present incumbent Boris Johnson and his predecessor Ken Livingstone. But, says Penelope J. Corfield, it’s just another chapter in London’s long electoral history.

Britain's political elite are often criticised for having few achievements away  from Whitehall. Richard Foreman contrasts their inexperience with the 19th-century statesman Lord Rosebery.

Russ Foster introduces one of Britain's least understood premiers.

Robert Pearce considers why Margaret Thatcher became Prime Minister in 1979.

The 19th-century view from Albion of the shortcomings of the US Constitution was remarkably astute, says Frank Prochaska.

For centuries King John has been regarded as the embodiment of an evil ruler. But, says Graham E. Seel, this image is largely the creation of monastic chroniclers with an axe to grind. A close examination of contemporary records reveals a more nuanced character.

Otto I was crowned Emperor of the Romans by Pope John XII on February 2nd 962.