Britain

Robert Peel suffered a fatal fall from his horse on June 29th, 1850. He died three days later.

Bruce Campbell argues that a unique conjunction of human and environmental factors went into creating the crisis of the mid-14th century.

Emma Mason argues that rising population brought a surprising degree of movement, politically, geographically and socially.

Richard Cavendish describes the execution of James Graham, Marquess of Montrose, on May 21st, 1650.

Richard Cavendish describes the relief of Mafeking, following a seven-month siege, on May 16th/17th, 1900.

Esmond Wright recalls the life of the American philosopher, scientist and man of letters in his years in a street near Charing Cross.

Richard Wilkinson argues that, for all his faults, a case can be made for the aloof aristocrat at the Foreign Office in 1900-1905.

Peter Clements assesses why two nations which seemingly had so much in common at the beginning of the 1930s were at war with each other by the end of the decade.

Why did infant mortality rates remain so high in the last quarter of the 19th century, when general death rates experienced a steady decline? Phil Chapple investigates.

Ann Williams describes the state of the island at a time when Anglo-Saxon culture was reaching its peak, while also politically challenged by the Vikings.