Thirty Years War

Gerard Ter Borch at Münster

Elka Schrijver describes how the peace of Westphalia in 1648 marked the close of the Thirty Years’ War and the dawn of a new era for Europe.

Who Won the Thirty Years War?

Peter H. Wilson unravels one of the most notoriously bloody and complex conflicts in European history to answer the question.

The Thirty Years' War

Graham Darby examines the nature and effects of the war that dominated the first half of the 17th century.

Refighting the Thirty Years’ War

Geoffrey Parker travels to Germany to revisit the sites of the 17th-century conflict that saw the decline of the Holy Roman Empire and Habsburgs.