Europe and the Turks: The Civilization of the Ottoman Empire
Bernard Lewis writes that the fall of Constantinople was no “victory of barbarism, but rather of another and not undistinguished civilization.”
Bernard Lewis writes that the fall of Constantinople was no “victory of barbarism, but rather of another and not undistinguished civilization.”
Roger Crowley finds that modern European concerns about Turkey are anticipated in an article by Bernard Lewis, first published in 1953.
The building of Istanbul’s new underground railway has uncovered thousands of years of history, including the first complete Byzantine naval craft ever found. Pinar Sevinclidir investigates.
The Turkish government’s plans to flood two ancient towns with the reservoirs created by two dams are being fiercely resisted – but time is rapidly running out, as Pinar Sevinclidir reports.
Jonathan Phillips sees one of the most notorious events in European history as a typical ‘clash of cultures’.
The final moments of Byzantine control of the imperial capital.
Robert Johnson puts the decline of a once-great Empire into an international context.
Clive Foss looks at the way in which Kemal Atatürk rewrote history as part of his radical modernization of the Turkish nation.
The year 1915 saw the start of the Armenian genocide in Turkey. In his account of the complex historical background to these events Donald Bloxham focuses on the issue of great power involvement.
Mark Rathbone compares Gladstone's and Disraeli's differing approaches to a crucial foreign policy issue.