France

Philippe Pétain died on 23 July 1951, aged 95.

Reggie Oliver looks at the links between some of the highest-placed women in Louis XIV's court and some notorious Parisian dealers in drugs, death and the dark arts

Roman Golicz explores relations between Britain and France under Pam's 'liberal' foreign policy during the Second Empire.

The Exposition Universelle in Paris ended on November 12th, 1900. In seven months, the Exposition drew over 50 million visitors. 

David McKinnon-Bell analyses the state of France around 1598 and explains why recovery under Henry IV was so rapid.  

Patrick Wilson assesses the importance of Operation Dynamo.

The anniversary of De Gaulle’s London address to ‘Free France’.

William Doyle discusses traditional and revisionist interpretations of the downfall of the Kings of France, arguing that notions of a 'desacralised monarchy' are inadequate to explain what happened.

Martin Evans contrasts the triumphalism of France’s 1931 Colonial Exhibition in Paris with the rotten reality of its ramshackle empire.

Napoleon Bonaparte took power in France on November 9th/10th 1799, but how did his rise overthrow the revolution?