France

Louis Braille died on January 6th, 1852, aged 43.

John Spiller shows that, in constitution-making in the USA (1787-89), France (1789-92) and Great Britain (1830-32), some men were considered more equal than others.

John D. Pelzer shows the connections between jazz, youth and the German Occupation.

Alan Farmer shows how the Republic survived the threat from the Right before the First World War.

Martin Evans discusses how the historian Robert Paxton shifted the terms of debate over the collective memory of Vichy France.

Philippe Pétain died on 23 July 1951, aged 95.

Reggie Oliver looks at the links between some of the highest-placed women in Louis XIV's court and some notorious Parisian dealers in drugs, death and the dark arts

Roman Golicz explores relations between Britain and France under Pam's 'liberal' foreign policy during the Second Empire.

The Exposition Universelle in Paris ended on November 12th, 1900. In seven months, the Exposition drew over 50 million visitors. 

David McKinnon-Bell analyses the state of France around 1598 and explains why recovery under Henry IV was so rapid.