Europe

Greek Geriatrics

Elders and betters? Attitudes towards old age in the society of classical Greece were enormously varied and often far from respectful.

The Cid of History and the History of Cid

A myth for all seasons - the treatment through the centuries of Spain's medieval hero as a blend of Robin Hood and King Arthur provides revealing insights into the political needs of both his contemporary and more recent biographers.

Medieval Christmas

Existing elements of pagan midwinter rites fused with the developing theology of Christmas in an appeal to the senses of both sacred and lay.

On Crime & Punishment

'They do this for their Christian faith and for the saving of souls' – as Russians travelled west, they began to notice moral divides between the countries they visited and their own society.

Russia and Europe

Paul Dukes sets the scene for a series of articles on the rise of Russia from the seventeenth century.

The Spanish Ulcer

A book on the history of the Peninsular War and another review of a title on Portugal as seen by British Diplomats and traders.