Europe

A tool for tyrants... or their undoing? The Crowd in the Early Middle Ages by Shane Bobrycki crafts a history for the medieval mob.

The changing climate of the Little Ice Age forced radical thinkers to reconsider humanity’s place in the universe.

The concerns of daily life prompted early modern people to seek reassurance in fate, stars, and astrologers.

East was East and West was West – until 1989. The Wall is gone, but are its Cold War demarcations still there?

Interrail gave young Europeans the freedom of the continent in the 1970s. Five decades on, people are still taking the train.

A tour of Europe cemented Ronald Reagan’s reputation as an international statesman and helped secure his re-election.

As Deterring Armageddon: A Biography of NATO and NATO: From Cold War to Ukraine, a History of the World’s Most Powerful Alliance make clear, at almost every point in the last 75 years the alliance's future has looked uncertain.

Remembering Peasants: A Personal History of a Vanished World by Patrick Joyce is a tender study of European rural life. But is this lost past closer than we think?

Forbidden Desire in Early Modern Europe: Male-Male Sexual Relations, 1400-1750 by Noel Malcolm is an ambitious comparative study that raises plenty of questions.

Europe panicked when astrologers predicted a huge flood in 1524. When it failed to appear, astrology had to defend itself.