Europe

Often cast as subversive and seditious, despite the interventions of monarchs and governments the guilds of the Middle Ages have endured. 

Four historians consider whether the continent that gave the world the nation state still remains in its thrall.

The Kalmar Union between Denmark, Norway and Sweden came to an end on 6 June 1523.

The 1,200 square miles of mountains that make up the Alps have been both frontier and a venue for fun.

Attempts to unify a diverse continent require subtlety and respect. 

There is beauty to be had from the smallest of objects. In the 18th century, tweezers, toothpicks and clippers became the signs of a polite, and beautiful, society.

Long before today’s project for a European political and economic union, William Penn, the English founder of Pennsylvania, offered a utopian vision of a Europe beyond the nation state, as Peter Schröder explains.