Africa

'Frankly I am ashamed of being a Briton for the treatment we have meted out to the Boers as revealed by you and so justly condemned in your pages’ - John Burns to W. T. Stead.

Richard Reid demonstrates that the West’s perceptions about warfare in the history of Africa have not changed much over the centuries.

The explorer of West Africa died in Cape Town on June 3rd, 1900.

The grim reality underlying Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness echoed the growing moral outrage over the murderous rubber trade. For Roger Casement, it became a moral crusade.

Ghana's slaving past, long regarded as too sensitive to even discuss, is now becoming a lively issue. A group of Ghanaians, led by lawyers and tribal chiefs, have convened an Africa-wide meeting to seek 'retribution and compensation for the crime of slavery’.

In 1898 a French expedition struggled from the mouth of the Congo to southern Sudan, only to have their plans thwarted by the British. Sarah Searight revisits the Fashoda incident.

David Garner looks at 19th century Africa through the diaries of James Butler

The contribution of the witnesses from the Battle of Algiers to the debate on contemporary history.

A reflection on the life of Dr Livingstone in an attempt to revel the true story behind the legend

Graham Norton looks at dilapidated forts and castles in West Africa