Volume 48 Issue 7 July 1998

Women Pilgrims of the Middle Ages

‘There’s no discouragement...Shall make him once relent...His first avowed intent... To be a pilgrim.’  Women, however, endured vexations of their own as Diana Webb outlines.

50 Years of the NHS

Charles Webster reflects on the achievements and shortcomings of fifty years of the National Health Service.

The Pirate, the Ambassador and the Map-Maker

When in 1681 pirate Bartholomew Sharpe captured a Spanish ship and with it a detailed description of the west coast of the Americas, he gave English cartographers a field day and won himself an unexpected acquittal. James Kelly explains.