Richard Butterwick-Pawlikowski

A Dance round the Poles, cartoon on the partition of Poland between Russian empress Catherine II, Prussian king Frederick II, and Austrian emperor Joseph II, Richard Newton, 1794. Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie. Public Domain.

On the Spot: Richard Butterwick-Pawlikowski

‘What is the most common misconception about my field? That “anarchic” and “fanatical” Poland was partitioned by its more “enlightened”, “tolerant” absolutist neighbours.’