History Today

Francis Robinson looks at the relationship between teacher and pupil in Islamic society.

The first of the series by J. Kenneth Major, on the harnessing of human and animal sources of energy.

Ivan Roots on the brief reign of Richard Cromwell.

Walter Minchinton traces the use and advantages of the windmill.

Norman A.F. Smith explores the use through history of the water-mill and dams.

J. H. M. Salmon looks at Romantic literary interpretations of Oliver Cromwell.

The preservation of the past must inevitably pose particular problems in a city which is literally a living monument to the Middle Age of African history, especially when its mud walls are crumbling and its gates are barely wide enough for animals, far less motorised vehicles. An article by John Lavers.

Bryan Little promotes the notion that a whole city may be considered as a single monument which both commemorates many phases of history and which has survived frorn one phase to the next.

In the century between the union of the Crowns in 1603 and the Parliaments in 1707, was Scotland a backward nation with no influence south of the border asks David Stevenson.

In 1951 Leopold III of Belgium was forced to abdicate after a disastrous reign in which his country was overrun by Germany and he himself taken prisoner. It was a tragedy very much of his own making argues James Marshall-Cornwall