Military

Were the Germans justified in executing a British merchant captain for ramming a U-boat in March 1915? Phyllis Hall considers a curious episode from the First World War.

Rex Cathcart examines how William's brief intervention in Ireland has provided a rallying-point in ideology and iconography for Protestants to the present day.

Edited by Jeremy Black

In May of 1588, Spain's great Armada set sail, bent on the invasion and conquest of Elizabethan England. Simon Adams re-examines the strategic considerations that underpinned the actions of both England and Spain before and after the Armada.

Dymphna Byrne looks forward to the 400th anniversary of the Spanish Armada

Proud patriots perhaps, but were the irregular forces in Spain's war against Napoleon a help or a hindrance? Charles Esdaile investigates.

Jonathan Wright and Paul Stafford examine the origins and significance of the document which has been claimed as the Fuhrer's premeditated masterplan for European domination.

Glen Barclay considers how far Australian intervention in Vietnam marked a watershed in the country's willingness to send its troops abroad to fight for distant but powerful allies.

'A painful lesson in international politics' - Anglo-Australian relations in the Second World War revealed the rhetoric of Empire not matched by a British commitment to Australia's defence.

Ian Bradley examines the driving forces behind the crofters' attacks on the deer forests of Skye and Lewis.