Stephen Porter

Royalists lost Carlisle in the English Civil War

In 1645, in the English Civil War, the Royalists lost Carlisle. In this article from our 1986 archive, Stephen Porter reveals an often neglected aspect of the English Civil Wars: the deliberate destruction of property.

Published June 24 2011

Property Destruction in the English Civil Wars

Civil War in England brought destruction and damage in town and country far more akin to continental warfare than has often been supposed.

Published July 31 1986

Low-Life Caravaggio

Timothy Benson assesses Hitler's irritated reaction to being lampooned by David Low of the Evening Standard.

Published April 30 1986

The Letter Books of Sir William Brereton

ed. R.N. Dore

Published February 1 1985

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Lords of the Northern Forest

The Hudson's Bay Company was one of the central forces moulding the development of the vast tracts of land that today are Canada - but as Barry Gough explains here, the circumstances of its launch in 1670 also reveal much about the commercial forces, personalities and rivalries of Restoration England.