Europe and 1992 - Fault Lines and Steeples

Max Beloff finds geography, language and religion powerful antidotes to present aspirations of European unity.

In a famous passage in a speech to the House of Commons in 1922, Winston Churchill characterised the aftermath of the Great War:

Great Empires have been overturned. The whole map of Europe has been changed. The position of countries has been violently altered. The modes of thought of men, the whole outlook on affairs, the grouping of parties, all have encountered violent and tremendous changes in the deluge of the world; but as the deluge of the waters subsides and the waters fall short, we see the dreary steeples of Fermanagh and Tyrone emerging once again.

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