The US and the Unintended Consequences of War

The United States’ participation in military conflict has had unexpected results, and often has produced very different political outcomes to those originally intended.

Illustration of the US Army occupation of Mexico City in 1847

No one starts a war – or rather, no one in his senses should do so – without first being clear in his mind what he intends to achieve by that war and how he intends to conduct it.

The Prussian well knew that the essence of war was uncertainty. He admitted that the ‘fog’ or ‘friction’ of war necessarily obscured and changed outcomes. So great were the variables of warfare that nothing could prepare the commanders to anticipate or counteract key events which shaped the course of a war. History, he thought, was as good a guide as any.

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