Andean civilizations

The cultures of the Andean region and adjacent coastal areas of western South America that developed chiefdoms and later state systems, ceremonial centers, cities, and complex iconography and material culture. They are divided into periods: Preceramic (c.3750- 2000 BC), Initial (2000-900 BC), Early Horizon (900-200 BC), Early Intermediate (200 BC-AD 500), Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000), Late Intermediate (AD 1000-1475) and Late Horizon (AD 1475- 1530).