Alexander I (Czar of Russia)

(1777-1825) Czar of Russia (r.1801-25). Defeated by Bonaparte at Austerlitz (1805) and Friedland (1807), he made peace with France at Tilsit (1807). After the French withdrawal from Russia, he was among the victors at the Battle of Leipzig (1813) and at the Treaty of Paris (1814). He founded the Holy Alliance and opposed all forms of national self-determination.