Adena

Hunter-gatherer and farming culture of the middle Ohio River valley in the eastern woodlands of North America (c.1000 BC-AD 100). It had permanent villages and a rich material culture with pottery, smoking pipes, and copper, mica and seashell ornaments. The mixed hunting, fishing, food-gathering and farming economy supported a large population, and burial and ceremonial monuments (such as Great Serpent Mound) suggest social ranking and chiefly authority. This tradition was elaborated by the Hopewell culture.