Tom Holland

Beyond Good and Evil

As a frontline soldier in the First World War, the German artist Otto Dix fell under the spell of the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche and his assault on Christian morality.

Egyptian Harbingers

The army has been a player in the affairs of Egypt for at least 5,000 years, says Tom Holland.

The Origins of Islam

The same spotlight of historical enquiry that scholars have long been shedding on the biblical past is now starting to illumine the origins of Islam, as Tom Holland explains.

Edward Gibbon: And He Rose Again

The return of religion and the West’s current obsession with decline make Roy Porter’s profile of Edward Gibbon, first published in History Today in 1986, curiously dated.